Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C) and grease two 9-inch round cake pans.
Whisk flour, cocoa, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt in a large bowl.
Beat eggs, buttermilk, and oil; add to dry ingredients, then mix in hot coffee until smooth.
Divide batter between pans and bake 28–32 minutes, or until a toothpick comes out with moist crumbs.
Cool cakes in pans 10 minutes, then turn out onto a wire rack to cool completely.
For caramel: melt sugar in a heavy saucepan over medium heat until amber.
Whisk in butter, then stream in cream; remove from heat and stir in sea salt.
Let caramel cool; reserve ½ cup for the frosting.
Make buttercream: beat butter until creamy; gradually add powdered sugar.
Mix in reserved caramel, cream, and vanilla until fluffy and spreadable.
Assemble: layer cake → buttercream → drizzle of caramel; repeat to make 7 layers total.
Frost top and sides. Chill at least 45 minutes before slicing.